Engineering tsheb, xws li excavators, loaders, thiab bulldozers, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hnyav ua hauj lwm ib puag ncig uas muaj zog vibrations, loj kub hloov, thiab nquag sib tsoo. Lawv cov khoom sab hauv tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo li kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab siv qhov chaw tab sis kuj yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) cov nplooj ntawv tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim engineering tsheb sab hauv vim lawv cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws - suav nrog kev ua haujlwm siab, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, ua haujlwm yooj yim, thiab tus nqi qis. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no qhia txog cov txheej txheem ua tiav ntawm kev tsim khoom tsim hluav taws xob tsheb sab hauv siv cov ntawv ABS, txhawm rau muab cov lus qhia ua tau zoo rau cov kev coj ua muaj feem xyuam.
1. Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm: Kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab kev npaj khoom
Kev vam meej ntawm kev tsim engineering tsheb sab hauv siv cov ntawv ABS feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv tshawb fawb thiab ua tiav cov khoom siv. Cov theem no nteg lub hauv paus rau kev ua kom cov khoom zoo thiab ntau lawm efficiency.
1.1 Kev xaiv xaiv ntawm ABS Cov Ntawv
Tsis yog txhua daim ntawv ABS yog tsim rau engineering tsheb sab hauv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov khoom lag luam nrog cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo raws li kev siv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom. Ua ntej, xav txog lub thickness ntawm daim ntawv: sab hauv qhov chaw xws li ntsuas vaj huam sib luag thiab lub qhov rooj trim panels, uas dais tej yam structural loads, feem ntau yuav tsum tau cov nplooj ntawv nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 2-5mm; rau qhov sib sib zog nqus zoo li lub thawv ntim thiab cov khoom siv zoo nkauj, cov nplooj ntawv nrog lub thickness ntawm 1-2 hli tuaj yeem xaiv. Qhov thib ob, tsom rau cov khoom siv ntsuas kev ua tau zoo: qhov cuam tshuam lub zog yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 15kJ / m² los tiv thaiv kev co thiab kev sib tsoo thaum lub tsheb ua haujlwm; qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub (kub distortion kub nyob rau hauv load) yuav tsum siab tshaj 70℃kom hloov mus rau qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub tsheb cab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau muaj hluav taws kub retardancy (xws li nyob ze lub cav sab hauv), cov nplaim hluav taws kub ABS uas ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hauv tebchaws (xws li GB 8410-2006) yuav tsum raug xaiv. Nws raug nquahu kom yuav cov nplooj ntawv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ib txwm muaj thiab thov daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas cov khoom kom ntseeg tau tias cov nplooj ntawv tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li npuas, tawg, thiab tsis sib xws.
1.2 Cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej teeb tsa
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom muaj ntau yam kev sib txuas xws li kev txiav, kev tsim, kev kho saum npoo, thiab kev sib dhos, uas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej sib txuam. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb suav nrog: cov lej tswj cov tshuab txiav (xws li CNC routers lossis laser txiav tshuab) rau kev txiav cov ntawv ABS; Cov khoom siv thermal ua haujlwm (xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev los yog lub tshuab ua kom siab) rau kev tsim cov nplooj ntawv rau hauv peb- qhov seem; kev txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab (rau cov khoom siv hauv zos, xws li ntxiv cov tav ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev ntxhov siab); thiab cov khoom siv kho mob saum npoo av (xws li lub rooj muag tshuaj tsuag, tshuab sandblasting, thiab cov tshuab kub stamping). Cov cuab yeej pabcuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li: pwm clamps, siab -kub- daim kab xev tiv taus, degreasing agents, primer, thiab ABS tshwj xeeb adhesives. Ua ntej kev tsim khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev debugging ntawm cov cuab yeej-piv txwv li, calibrating qhov raug ntawm CNC tshuab cuab yeej (kom paub tseeb tias qhov yuam kev tsawg dua ± 0.1 hli) thiab ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias stability ntawm cov khoom siv thermal forming (tswj qhov kub hloov pauv hauv ± 5 degree).
2. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tseem ceeb: Los ntawm Daim Ntawv mus rau Semi-Tiav Part
Cov theem no yog tus yuam sij rau kev txiav txim siab cov duab, qhov loj me, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sab hauv, feem ntau suav nrog plaub qhov txuas: tsim thiab qauv, daim ntawv txiav, thermal forming, thiab precision trimming.
2.1 Tsim thiab qauv raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tsheb
Ua ntej pib ua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv tsim thiab tsim qauv raws li tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub tsheb engineering thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv. Ua ntej, sau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa-xws li qhov chaw loj, cov ntsiab lus sib txuas, thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm qhov chaw (xws li, lub kauj tsheb, lub rooj zaum)- siv 3D scanning thev naus laus zis kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug ntawm lub txee sab hauv. Tom qab ntawd, siv CAD software (xws li AutoCAD lossis SolidWorks) los tsim cov duab 2D thiab 3D qauv ntawm ntu. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau: reserving installation qhov thiab positioning notches kom du tom qab sib dhos; nce puag ncig lub kaum sab xis (nrog lub vojvoog ntawm 3-5mm) ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm qhov kom txo qis kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis txhob tawg thaum siv; thiab optimizing cov qauv ntawm thaj tsam loj (xws li ntsuas vaj huam sib luag) los ntawm kev ntxiv cov hlua khi (nrog rau qhov siab ntawm 10-15mm thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm 50-80mm) txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem rigidity. Tom qab tsim tiav, ua ib qho kev sim simulation siv CAE software (xws li ANSYS) los xyuas seb qhov twg tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev vibration thiab cuam tshuam thaum lub tsheb ua haujlwm, thiab kho cov txheej txheem tsim raws sijhawm raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam.
2.2 Precision Txiav ntawm ABS Cov Ntawv
Qhov txuas txiav yuav tsum hloov pauv 2D nthuav dav daim duab ntawm ib feem rau hauv daim ntawv lub cev dawb paug. Ua ntej, ntshuam tus tsim 2D kos duab rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm cov zauv tswj tej tshuab, thiab teem txiav tsis raws li lub thickness ntawm ABS daim ntawv: rau cov nplooj ntawv nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 1-3 hli, laser txiav ceev yuav teem rau 500-800mm / min, thiab lub hwj chim rau 80-120W; rau cov nplooj ntawv nrog lub thickness ntawm 3-5mm, qhov ceev yog txo mus rau 300-500mm / min, thiab lub zog yog nce mus rau 150-200W. Thaum lub sij hawm txiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho cov ntawv ABS ntawm lub workbench nrog lub clamp kom tiv thaiv kev txav los ntawm kev txiav quab yuam. Tom qab txiav, tshem tawm qhov khoob thiab xyuas nws qhov loj me uas siv lub caliper thiab ib qho ncaj-kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua yuam kev loj nyob hauv ± 0.2 hli thiab qhov txiav ntug yog du tsis muaj burrs. Rau qhov chaw nrog cov duab tsis yooj yim (xws li curved hniav panels), nws raug nquahu kom siv CNC router rau kev txiav, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm cov npoo nkhaus.
2.3 Thermal forming: Shaping lub Blank rau hauv 3D Parts
Thermal forming yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb kom paub txog peb qhov - qhov loj me ntawm sab hauv, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws vim nws txoj haujlwm yooj yim thiab tus nqi pwm qis. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: Ua ntej, preheat cov ntawv ABS. Muab qhov khoob rau hauv qhov chaw cua sov ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab tswj cov cua sov ntawm 150-180℃. Lub sij hawm cua sov yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tuab ntawm daim ntawv- feem ntau yog 3-5 feeb rau 1-2mm nplooj ntawv thiab 5-8 feeb rau 3-5mm nplooj ntawv. Tus yuam sij rau qhov txuas no yog ua kom cov cua sov tsis sib xws ntawm daim ntawv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov tshwm sim los ntawm cov cua sov hauv zos lossis cua sov tsis txaus. Qhov thib ob, pwm kaw thiab nqus tsev vacuum. Ceev nrooj txav cov ntawv rhuab thiab softened mus rau pwm saum toj no, txo cov pwm kom haum rau daim ntawv, thiab pib lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis kom tshem tawm cov cua ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov pwm. Lub tshuab nqus tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 0.08-0.1MPa kom paub meej tias daim ntawv txuas nrog rau cov pwm nto. Thib peb, txias thiab demolding. Tom qab tuav lub tshuab nqus tsev rau 2-4 feeb, siv lub tshuab cua txias kom txias qhov chaw kom qis dua 60 degree, ces tso lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab tshem tawm cov pwm tawm. Rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau muaj siab zoo (xws li ntsuas vaj huam sib luag nrog cov nkhaus nkhaus), kev tsim siab tuaj yeem siv tau-siv lub siab ntawm 0.3-0.5MPa ntawm daim ntawv saum npoo los txhim kho qhov haum ntawm qhov thiab cov pwm.
2.4 Precision Trimming thiab Edge kho
Tom qab thermal forming, ib feem muaj dhau flash nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, uas yuav tsum tau muab txiav kom tau raws li tus tsim loj. Rau qhov yooj yim- zoo li qhov, trimming tuag tuaj yeem siv rau batch trimming; rau me me -batch lossis complex- zoo li qhov chaw, CNC router lossis phau ntawv trimming cuab yeej (xws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv xuab zeb) tuaj yeem siv. Thaum lub sij hawm trimming, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lub trimming ntug yog tiaj tus thiab raws li tus tsim contour. Tom qab trimming, ua kev kho ntug: siv 200-400 mesh sandpaper los txhuam cov ntug ntawm qhov kom tshem tawm burrs thiab ntse ces kaum, ces siv ib tug degreasing tus neeg saib xyuas los ntxuav lub nto ntawm ib feem kom tshem tawm cov roj thiab hmoov av, nteg lub hauv paus rau tom ntej no nto kev kho mob.
3. Tshaj tawm -Kev Ua Haujlwm: Txhim kho qhov tshwm sim thiab kev ua tau zoo
Kev tshaj tawm -kev ua tiav ntawm ABS sab hauv cov khoom feem ntau suav nrog kev kho saum npoo thiab kev txhawb nqa hauv zos, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tsos zoo thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom.
3.1 Kev Kho Hniav: Txhim kho kev zoo nkauj thiab kav ntev
Kev kho deg ntawm engineering tsheb sab hauv qhov chaw yuav tsum xav txog ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab kev ua tau zoo. Cov kev kho mob uas muaj xws li: Ua ntej, tshuaj tsuag txheej. Txau ib txheej ntawm primer (xws li epoxy primer) rau ntawm qhov chaw ntxuav kom txhim khu cov adhesion ntawm topcoat, ces tsuag lub topcoat nrog cov xim uas yuav tsum tau (feem ntau yog grey los yog dub, uas yog resistant rau av). Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 30-50μm, thiab tom qab txau, nws yuav tsum tau kho ntawm 60-80℃rau 30-60 feeb. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov khawb tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj ntawm qhov chaw. Thib ob, kev ntxhib los mos. Rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau los tiv thaiv plam lossis cov teebmeem zoo nkauj (xws li armrests thiab lub thawv ntim khoom), kev ua kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua tau. Thaum lub sij hawm thermal forming, pwm nrog cov qauv kev ntxhib los mos yog siv los nias qhov kev ntxhib los mos rau ntawm qhov chaw; los yog qhov kev ntxhib los mos yog luam tawm rau ntawm qhov chaw uas siv cov txheej txheem thermal hloov. Thib peb, kub stamping. Rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau tso cov logos lossis cov cim (xws li cov cuab yeej siv lub logo), kub stamping yog siv-nias cov ntawv hlau (xws li txhuas ntawv ci) rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov kub ntawm 120-150℃thiab siab ntawm 0.2-0.3MPa los ua lub logo ntshiab thiab hnav-tiv taus.
3.2 Kev Txhim Kho Hauv Zos: Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Zoo
Rau qhov chaw uas dais loj lossis ua rau qaug zog puas tsuaj (xws li qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov ntsuas vaj huam sib luag thiab lub cabin lub cev), yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv zos. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li: Ua ntej, ntxiv cov hlua khi. Siv lub tshuab txhaj tshuaj molding los txhaj ABS resin ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov chaw los tsim cov ribs, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog khoov thiab cuam tshuam ntawm qhov. Thib ob, pasting reinforcing daim hlau. Txiav ib lub phaj ABS nyias (thickness 1-2mm) rau hauv qhov loj me thiab muab tso rau sab nraum qab ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab siv ABS tshwj xeeb nplaum. Cov nplaum yuav tsum tau muab sib npaug, thiab qhov sib txuas yuav tsum tau nias rau 1-2 teev kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo. Tom qab qhov kev txhawb zog, ua qhov kev sim tensile ntawm qhov - kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog tensile ntawm qhov kev txhawb zog tsis tsawg dua 30MPa.
4. Kev sib dhos thiab kev soj ntsuam zoo: Ua kom muaj peev xwm xa khoom
Cov theem kawg ntawm kev tsim khoom suav nrog kev sib sau ua ke ib nrab- cov khoom tiav rau hauv cov khoom tiav thiab ua cov kev tshuaj xyuas nruj kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua tau raws li kev teeb tsa thiab kev siv.
4.1 Sib dhos ntawm Sab Hauv Qhov Chaw
Kev sib dhos ntawm engineering tsheb sab hauv yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "precision positioning and firm connection". Ua ntej, ntxuav qhov sib dhos ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw teeb tsa ntawm lub tsev kom tshem tawm cov impurities xws li plua plav thiab roj. Tom qab ntawd, siv cov bolts, txiv ntseej, lossis cov buckles yas los kho qhov chaw rau lub alarm lub cev - xyuas kom meej tias cov ntsiab lus sib txuas tau ua raws li cov qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov torque ntawm lub bolts yog tswj ntawm 8-12N·m (kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib feem uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog ntau dhau). Rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev sib khi (xws li kev sib txuas ntawm lub qhov rooj vaj huam sib luag thiab lub qhov rooj), yuav tsum tau muab cov roj hmab foob sawb nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ru tsev thiab lub tog raj kheej kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav thiab dej nkag. Thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas qhov haum ntawm qhov chaw - kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv loj dua 0.5 hli thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim (rau cov khoom txav tau xws li lub thawv qhov rooj).
4.2 Kev soj ntsuam zoo
Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo yuav tsum suav nrog cov tsos, qhov loj me, kev ua tau zoo, thiab lwm yam. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim: Tshawb xyuas seb qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw puas muaj qhov tsis xws li khawb, npuas, thiab txheej txheej tsis sib xws, thiab seb cov xim puas haum raws li cov qauv tsim. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntev: Siv 3D kev sib koom tes ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntu, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov yuam kev nyob hauv qhov kev tso cai. Kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo: Ua qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam (tso 1kg qhov hnyav los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1m mus rau qhov chaw, tsis tas yuav muaj qhov tawg), siab - ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub (tso qhov nyob rau hauv 80℃ib puag ncig rau 24 teev, tsis tas yuav tsum tau deformation), thiab kev vibration test (simulate lub tsheb vibration ib puag ncig rau 100 teev ntawm kev sib txuas, tsis tas yuav tsum tau xoob cov ntsiab lus). Tsuas yog cov khoom uas dhau tag nrho cov khoom kuaj tuaj yeem xa tuaj rau kev siv.
5. Cov Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb thiab cov kev daws teeb meem
Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: Ua ntej, tswj qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm ABS cov ntaub ntawv - khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav thiab qhov cua, tsis txhob tshav ntuj ncaj qha thiab tiv tauj nrog cov tshuaj corrosive, thiab lub sijhawm cia yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 6 lub hlis (kom tiv thaiv cov khoom laus). Thib ob, xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem thermal ua haujlwm- cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav siab - kub- cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob scalding, thiab tsis tu ncua xyuas lub airtightness ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis kom tsis txhob muaj roj to. Thib peb, tuav cov khoom pov tseg thaum ua haujlwm (xws li txiav cov khib nyiab thiab trimming flash) hauv qhov nruab nrab, thiab rov ua dua rau kev ua haujlwm thib ob (tom qab crushing thiab granulating) kom txo cov khoom pov tseg.
Rau cov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, cov kev daws teeb meem hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau: Yog tias qhov chaw muaj npuas tom qab thermal forming, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xyuas seb daim ntawv puas yog cua sov sib npaug los yog seb puas muaj dej nyob hauv daim ntawv (ua ntej- ziab daim ntawv ntawm 80℃rau 2 teev yog tias muaj cov dej noo); Yog hais tias lub txheej ntog tawm tom qab txau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum rov ua dua -degrease qhov chaw thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov primer tau kho tas li; Yog hais tias ib feem yog deformed tom qab sib dhos, nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas seb lub sib dhos torque loj dhau los yog seb cov pwm puas muaj qhov tsis zoo, thiab kho kom haum.
Xaus
Kev tsim khoom engineering tsheb sab hauv siv cov ntawv ABS yog ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog kev xaiv cov khoom, tsim, ua, tom qab- kho, thiab sib dhos. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm txhua qhov txuas- xaiv cov nplooj ntawv ABS uas tsim nyog, ua kom zoo rau cov qauv tsim, ua kom paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thermal forming, thiab ua cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo tshaj - siab - cov khoom zoo sab hauv uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm cov tsheb engineering tuaj yeem tsim tau. Nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis, daim ntawv thov ntawm ABS cov ntawv hauv engineering tsheb sab hauv kev tsim khoom yuav nthuav dav dua, thiab kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov nplaim hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm ABS cov ntaub ntawv txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sab hauv.